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A
(2016·云南师大附中高考适应性月考)
John Nash，a Nobel Prize winner and a mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscarwinning film A Beautiful Mind，was killed in a car accident on May 24th, 2015.
Born in West Virginia, Nash displayed a keenness for mathematics early in life，independently proving Femret’s little theorem(定理)before graduating from high school.By the time he turned 30 in 1958，he was an unquestionable academic celebrity.At Princeton, Nash published a 27page thesis that led to applications to economics，international politics, and evolutionary biology.
His signature solution—known as a “Nash Equilibrium(纳什均衡)”—found that competition among two opponents，not necessarily governed by zerosum logic.Two opponents can, for instance，each achieve their maximum objectives through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate.It is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century.
In the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness.By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn’t published a paper in 36 years.But like a child cured of a nightmare by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore.He continued to work, travel，and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.
In 2001，the release of the film A Beautiful Mind，based on Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book of the same name，introduced Nash’s unusual life story to international audience.
1.John Nash passed away because of .
A.a mental illness B.overwork
C.a traffic accident D.starvation
2.According to “Nash Equilibrium”，what will happen if two opponents refuse to cooperate?
A.They will get nothing at all.
B.They will get what they really want.
C.They will lose the support from each other.
D.They will achieve their maximum objectives.
3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.John Nash’s Sudden Death
B.John Nash’s Extraordinary Life
C.John Nash’s Equilibrium
D.John Nash’s Mental Illness
B
(2015·河北高三教学质检)
Martha Graham，born in 1894，was one of the most famous dancers and creators of dance，whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts，Stravinsky had on music，or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture.She created almost two hundred dance pieces.She is often called the Mother of Modern Dance.
Earlier in her life，however，Martha did not know that she would become a dancer.At that time，the dancers were looked down on.So Martha’s parents didn’t approve of her desire to dance at the beginning.Until 1916，she began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts，founded by Ruth St.Denis and Ted Shawn，where Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance because she was considered too old to begin dancing.
In 1936，Graham made her defining work，“Chronicle”，which signaled the beginning of a new era in modern dance.The dance brought serious issues to the stage for the general public in a dramatic manner.Influenced by the Wall Street Crash of 1929，the Great Depression that followed，and the Spanish Civil War，it focused on depression and isolation，reflected in the dark nature of both the set and costumes.
Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy.Once again，she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows.But she didn’t give up.Her last completed ballet was 1990’s “Maple Leaf Rag”.“A Dancer’s World” is an introduction to Graham and her work.She tells about her dances and her dance group shows some of their methods.
Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime，including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in nineteen seventysix.She was the first dancer to receive the country’s highest civilian honor.She died in 1991 at the age of ninetysix.In 1998，Time magazine listed her as the “Dancer of the Century” and as one of the most important people of the twentieth century.
4.Some famous artists mentioned in Paragraph 1 show Martha Graham .
A.was influenced greatly by them
B.kept in touch with them regularly
C.had a great effect on modern dance
D.liked to make more friends with them
5.Why didn’t Martha’s parents approve of her desire to dance at first?
A.She was too old to learn American dance.
B.American dance was seen as a lower art form.
C.There was no academic school to teach dancing.
D.Her family was too poor to afford her tuition.
6.When Martha Graham continued to dance in her 70s，she .
A.was warmly welcomed by the youth
B.achieved huge success once again
C.received many awards for her age
D.was attacked by people
7.The text is mainly about .
A.the background of modern dance in America
B.the development of modern dance in America
C.Martha Graham and her achievements in dance
D.the awards Martha Graham won in her life
Ⅱ.七选五
As every person knows a man needs words，many words，to express what is happening to him—his thoughts and his feelings.
Although everything comes from the brain，men seem to separate their thoughts from their feelings.
8 This can clearly be seen in the expressions describing the brain and the phrases created for the heart.
9 But the heart is a simple muscle that pumps blood through our system.And today doctors have had some success in removing a man’s heart and putting another one in its place.Yet our language for the brain is limited and unimaginative when you consider the great wealth of expressions that speak for the heart.
10 What more can be said after saying that a man has good brain，or sharp one or a great one? But just consider the larger number of colorful phrases for a poor brain—pinhead，fathead，thickhead，knucklehead，dimwit，nitwit，idiot—there are dozens of them.Yes，our language is very negative when we forget that everything comes from the brain，emotion as well as thought.
But we forget that fact and center all our feelings in the heart. 11 They cover every kind of emotion.They fill the pages of the literature of the world.
What is love，the poets tell us，but two hearts beat as one.A man of courage is“bravehearted”and“greathearted”. 12 Cruelty comes from a hard heart—affection from a warm heart，never a cold one.A good man，one who means well，“has his heart in the right place，”while a fearful man often finds “his heart in his mouth” or “sinking to his feet”.Well known to us are such words as“heartache”，“heartbreak”，“hearttoheart talk”，“straight from the heart”.
A.There are more words to describe poor brain than a good one.
B.They place all their thinking in the brain，and all their feelings in the heart.
C.You are getting to know everything about him—his intentions and purposes.
D.The brain is too complex and mysterious，too difficult to understand.
E.We have created a vast wealth of special phrases to express these feelings.
F.A gentle person is “tenderhearted ”or “softhearted”.
G.Don’t believe in your feelings.
参考答案
Ⅰ.1.C [细节理解题。从文章第一段中“John Nash，a Nobel Prize winner...，was killed in a car accident on May 24th,2015.”可知答案，故选C。]
2.A [细节理解题。从文章第三段第二句“Two opponents can，for instance，each achieve their maximum objectives through cooperating with the other，or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate.”可知答案，故选A。]
3.B [标题归纳题。文章介绍了有关约翰·纳什的纳什均衡理论、患精神分裂和遭遇车祸而死亡等内容，这些都是约翰·纳什的非凡人生经历，故选B。]
4.C [推理判断题。第一段中将玛莎·格兰姆对舞蹈的影响与毕加索对绘画的影响、斯特拉温斯基对音乐的影响以及弗兰克·劳埃德对建筑的影响相比，暗示她对舞蹈的.影响非常大，故答案为C。]
5.B [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“At that time，the dancers were looked down on.”可知，舞蹈家在那时是被看不起的，暗示舞蹈在当时是一种地位较低的艺术形式，故答案为B。]
6.D [细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy.Once again，she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows.”可知，她70岁演出时，受到了一些人的批评，故答案为D。]
7.C [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是按时间顺序叙述了现代舞之母玛莎·格兰姆的一生以及她在舞蹈方面的成就，故答案为C。]
Ⅱ.8.B 9.D 10.A 11.E 12.F
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